World Vertical Week was held last week and the hundreds of pictures tagged with #verticalweek on Instagram give a great overall look into what people have been up to during the week. Three of the most inspirational photos were taken by Hollie Holden, Sami Renner and Christoph Oberschneider. Each one of the winners will receive a new Suunto Spartan Ultra to accompany them on their future adventures. 🌲// Legs/entire body felt like an 🐘 at this weeks @vanrunco trail ✈️ crew BUT I managed to hit my @suunto #VerticalWeek goal of 4000m (1k more than my 1st goal! 🙌) of climbing and we were blessed with a pretty layer of 'convenient snow', right @coralie2700 ? 😉🤣❄️ A post shared by Hollie Holden (@holholden) on Mar 5, 2017 at 12:59pm PST “The Vertical Week was a great opportunity for me to start building my strength and climbing skills ahead of my upcoming training season for my 1st 50 mile Ultra Marathon - the Squamish 50 in August which is a tough, mountainous course with 11,000 feet (3350m) of climbing! I set myself the goal of covering a similar amount of climbing during Vertical Week so I spent a lot of time on a local trail called the BCMC which starts at the base of Grouse Mountain climbing to the top. This trail has 850m of elevation gain in just 3km of climbing! I ended up doing this trail 4 times in the week (3 times within one 24hr period!) then finished off the week running trails with my local run crew, Vancouver Running Company Flight Crew, surpassing my 3k goal and hit 4000m for the week instead! The weather in Vancouver has been unseasonably cold, with lots of snow & wet rain and I wouldn't have done anywhere near as much climbing last week if it wasn't for the awesome community of friends that I have here who are willing to come climb mountains in a snow storm with me!” –Hollie Holden, BC, Canada Cause she asked so friendly... 🐦 #lovemountains #skimo #verticalweek #collectingmoments #mountaineering #watzmann A post shared by Sami (@samirenner) on Mar 5, 2017 at 10:10am PST “The photo was taken on the last of three summits at the “Watzmann-überschreitung”, a famous summer tour in my hometown with over 24km and 2500m of climbing. The goal for me was to do this very technical tour with skis. As I reached the third summit, I shared my last Powerbar with a bird. A few days earlier during the Vertical Week I was in Zermatt, reaching Breithorn’s (4164m) west and east summits on skis, and on two more skitours. All in all, my Vertical Week was about 7500m of elevation gain over 65km.” –Sami Renner, Germany Welcome back, #winter! Yesterday was a great #powderday in @visitgastein. Can't wait for more! A post shared by Christoph Oberschneider (@coberschneider) on Mar 2, 2017 at 3:09am PST “I work as a backcountry skiing photographer in Austria, so my goal each winter season is to capture the beauty of backcountry skiing & ski touring, to share my passion for the sport with as many people as possible and ultimately to get more people to enjoy life in the outdoors. So far we have had a very dry winter here in the Alps, so getting good shots has not been an easy task. So when it finally started snowing 10 days ago, I headed out to Sportgastein (a freeride spot close to Salzburg) with two good friends. We found some beautiful lines in the backcountry with lift-supported ski touring and I managed to get some good shots. And that's how I also spent the rest of the Vertical Week, ski touring in the mountains around Salzburg and trying to capture the beauty of the winter landscape and some more skiing action before the snow starts melting again.” –Christophe Oberschneider, Austria Congratulations to our three winners and thank you very much everyone for sharing your Vertical Week moments!

The World Vertical Week is about collecting vertical meters for your country and your sport. All moves in all human-powered outdoor sports count. To keep the playing field level, we were only comparing averages. A cumulative number of ascent meters per country would not have made sense as the population and number of Suunto App users varies.  Skiers are still quite clearly the queens and kings of the hill with 849 meters of ascent in average. The mountaineers climbed on the second spot with 636 meters and the trail runners rounded out the top three with their 400 ascent meters. Actually the order of the activities remained almost identical compared to 2016: the only difference was that mountain bikers passed the snowshoers in the listings. Average ascents in various activities Ski touring 849m Mountaineering 636m Trail running 400m Mountain biking 362m Snow shoeing 316m Trekking 293m Cycling 236m Cross country skiing 222m Running 104m   SKI TOURING IS NUMBER ONE – BUT WHO SKIS THE MOST? Now that we know that ski touring is the sport with the biggest average ascents, it is time to dig deeper. The snowy winter in the Pyrenees has boosted the skiing spirits of the Spanish and they were the only athletes to cross the thousand vertical meter mark – in any country and any activity. Felicitaciones, españoles! Top 10 countries in ski touring Spain 1034m Switzerland 938m Slovakia 936m Germany 927m Andorra 916m Italy 909m USA 883m Austria 877m Poland 874m France 858m   A SLIGHT SURPRISE IN MOUNTAINEERING Mountaineering was second in the activity listings. But the leading nation within that activity was a slight surprise: United Kingdom surely has a long mountaineering tradition, but only a few – at least here in the Suunto office – would have bet their money for the island nation. The UK was not among the top mountaineering nations last year, but still they took the first place with 836 meters in 2017. Top 10 countries in mountaineering United Kingdom 836m Italy 772m Switzerland 749m Germany 713m Japan 685m France 683m Austria 655m Taiwan 620m USA 600m South Korea 575m   ASIAN COUNTRIES DOMINATED TRAIL RUNNING It was clear already last year that China, Hong Kong and Japan are strong in the trail running segment. This year they occupied the top three with excellent performances and clear margins. Maybe having the Vertical Week in winter limits the possibilities for trail running in mountainous areas in Europe and North-America but still the Asian performance was impressive. Great climbing, China, Hong Kong and Japan! Top 10 countries in trail running China 887m Hong Kong 808m Japan 711m Italy 572m Portugal 540m Spain 524m United Kingdom 509m Slovenia 469m Greece 468m Austria 437m   CLOSE MARGINS IN COUNTRY COMPARISONS We also analysed the data for all human powered outdoor sports and compared the average ascents between countries. The margins were tight, but still there was one above the rest: The Austrians ascended on average more than any other nation, 320 meters per every workout tracked during the Vertical Week. Top 10 countries overall Austria 320m Italy 298m Switzerland 287m Spain 261m Slovenia 261m Portugal 258m Hong Kong 247m France 240m Norway 235m Slovakia 218m   TOP COUNTRIES IN OTHER ACTIVITIES And to give you even more to speculate here are the top countries in the other activities mentioned above.   Top 10 countries in mountain biking Italy 515m Slovenia 479m Spain 471m United Kingdom 465m Austria 461m Switzerland 443m South Africa 416m France 370m Germany 367m Poland 366m   Top 10 countries in snow shoeing Italy 564m Andorra 530m Austria 510m Germany 429m France 424m Switzerland 345m USA 228m Spain 213m Canada 178m Finland 163m   Top 10 countries in trekking France 406m Italy 397m Austria 353m Poland 322m Spain 307m USA 274m Germany 271m Norway 243m United Kingdom 229m China 141m   Top 10 countries in cycling Spain 405m Italy 403m South Africa 393m Colombia 392m Portugal 355m Cyprus 332m Switzerland 328m Czech Republic 308m France 298m Austria 294m   Top 10 countries in cross country skiing Czech Republic 391m France 312m Poland 286m Norway 270m Sweden 266m Italy 260m Austria 252m Canada 225m USA 222m Germany 221m   Top 10 countries in running Portugal 157m Hong Kong 151m Slovenia 148m Switzerland 136m France 128m Spain 127m Norway 126m New Zealand 124m USA 117m Czech Republic 115m   Main image © Patitucci Photo

Watch the video and experience the first ever Suunto Summit that was held in October, 2016. We are thrilled to share the selections for the Suunto Summit 2017. After hosting an open, public application process, we received inspiring motivation letters and stories from all around the world. Within our final group we have authors, awarding- winning photographers, influential bloggers; we have XTERRA world-champions, and winners of major ultra-trail races. Balancing these inspiring experiences and accomplishments was a challenge, but we are thrilled to have had so many inspiring applications that shared a synonymous passion for being a part of the Suunto community. Stats: 6 female, 9 male 9 from Europe (2 France, 1 Spain, 1 Finland, 2 Sweden, 1 Norway, 1 Latvia, 1 UK, 1 Switzerland) 2 from USA, 1 from New Zealand, 1 China, 1 Malaysia. Suunto Summit 2017 participants: Arnau - Spain Diane-Perle - Switzerland Marta - Latvia Marit - Norway Mia - USA Barbara - USA Petra - New Zealand Ramon - Malaysia Sebastien - China Pelle - Sweden Jean-François - France Tim - United Kingdom (UK) Mathias - France Sante - Finland Oskar - Sweden Congratulations to all selected, and a huge thank you to all who applied and shared their passion with us! - Suunto Team

In modern times, interval training is a fundamental way to train endurance performance. I overheard my 10-year-old telling his brother, “the best way to get faster is to do intervals, that’s what my gym teacher said.” For the general public, any intervals will do, but for the highly trained endurance athlete we need to get a little more scientific. The basic premise of interval training is that you are able to swim, bike, or run at a higher intensity if your training is intermittent versus continuous. A 5k runner, for example, could head out the door and cover 3.1 miles as fast as possible a couple times a week, but would have a hard time holding their goal pace for much more than one mile. Instead, if the training was broken into half mile intervals, a race-pace could be achieved with every 800 meter bout as long as recovery was adequate. With each repeated bout there is a cumulative effect, up to a certain point, to stimulate adaptation. Beyond a certain point, maladaptation can occur. Types of Intervals In an effort to simplify we will focus our discussion on the most potent type of intervals known as VO2 max intervals. VO2 max is defined as an individual’s highest rate of oxygen consumption (milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute). A common misconception is that interval training is strictly anaerobic. These types of intervals do have a big anaerobic component, but by definition have you operating near your peak oxygen consumption, which is the key. Most athletes can work at VO2 max for only about 5 to 9 minutes, so intervals at VO2 max need to be shorter than that. If the interval is too short, then the anaerobic contribution is big, but there is not enough time to actually get to VO2 max. Personally I like 2-3 minutes ON with about equal recovery. Pacing Strategy Pacing is critical. Suppose you are running those 800 meter bouts and you start out by sprinting the first 200 meters and then have a gradual slow-down for the next 600 meters. Your average pace might be on target, but you have failed to reach VO2 max since you started with this huge anaerobic effort and then settled into a pace slower than your VO2 max intensity. There is something called a slow-component to VO2 max. This means that for any pace above lactate threshold, you will eventually reach VO2 max if the exercise is continued. So you do want to go fast, but to spend the most amount of time near VO2 max, you want a pace you can sustain for 2-3 minutes. If performed correctly your oxygen consumption will approach VO2 max about half-way through each hard effort. So if your workout is 6 x 2.5 minutes, you might in reality only spend a total of 7.5 minutes at VO2 max, which is fine. If performed poorly you may only spend a few seconds of each interval at VO2 max or none at all. Graph 1: Poor pacing strategy with high power output (purple) at the start of each bout and power dropping on each bout. Graph 2: Better pacing strategy here. In this case, power (purple) within each bout was very consistent, but there was still a drop off in power for the last 3 bouts. Graph 3: Power (white) fairly consistent throughout hard efforts. Notice peak heart rate (orange) is not achieved until the 6th bout. Different athletes, different software. Work:Rest Ratios An ideal range for work portion is about 1.5 to 4 minutes. We like the 2-3 minute range the best with a few exceptions. Work to rest ratios are usually around 1:1. The rest interval can be adjusted to increase or decrease the intensity of the workout. If you are having a hard time keeping pace, try adding 30 seconds rest. If you are completing the workout with energy to spare, try 30 seconds less rest the next time out. How Intense? Pace or power are your best guides for this type of training. Heart rate lags so far behind that it is not the best indicator and you don’t want to try to spike your heart rate to start each effort. If you have power on the bike, I like to use 110% FTP for 3 minute bouts, and 115% FTP for 2 minute bouts. For running, a 5k race pace or slightly faster will get you there. A 15 minute 5k runner can just use their 5k pace, but a 25 minute 5k runner might need to increase the pace slightly. If you are performing intervals uphill and don’t have power or pace to guide you, try this approach. Warm up to the base of consistent climb. On your first bout, hold back a fraction and note your distance at 1 minute and 2 minutes. Make a mark in the dirt. Recover on the downhill and repeat the same section of the hill attempting to at least reach the same finishing mark or go slightly further. Try to do this without going any further for that first minute. How Much? I mentioned earlier that this is the most potent form of training. So your goal is to be able to maintain the quality for the entire workout. For most people this means 15-21 minutes of total hard work. So that is 8-10 bouts of 2 minutes, or 5-7 bouts of 3 minutes. Keep it simple. Shoot for a very similar intensity every time and if you start to slow down you have done too much. How Often? A little bit can go a long way. I try to space out this type of training more than any other. For most people that means two quality sessions per week with one on the bike and one on the run. Training becomes more polarized during a VO2 max cycle with recovery and endurance workouts separating VO2 max bouts. Total training volume is reduced and avoid excessively long workouts during this time. Soon Ripe, Soon Rotten With this type of training, most people will plateau in about 6 weeks. I like to sprinkle in this type of training as key races are approaching and save heavy blocks of VO2 max interval training for the most important races of the season. Josiah Middaugh is the reigning XTERRA Pan America Champion and 2015 XTERRA World Champion. He has a master’s degree in kinesiology and has been a certified personal trainer for 15 years (NSCA-CSCS). Get to know Josiah Learn how to use Suunto Spartan's Interval feature

The post-race sauna and making new friends with some reindeer might have helped but really we came to realise our connection is rooted in our shared passion for sport and the outdoors. "Meeting outdoor enthusiasts from all over the world and learning their stories and sharing our passion for different sports was truly inspiring." -Philipp Reiter, trail runner and photographer, Germany (Image by Oskar Henriksson) "The Suunto Summit was a great experience that felt like i was a part of a family with a shared passion for the outdoors." -Arnau Martorell Sala, Spain "The summit brought a whole new, and overwhelming sense of joy to meet so many open and strong athletic women who are excited to get out there. It was comforting to not feel alone or intimidated." Mia Morandi, USA. "Listening to all the experiences of my fellow Suunto Summiteers has left me inspired and completely in awe…and mingling with the team behind Suunto was absolutely invaluable. It has been such a privilege to be here." -Ramon Fadli, Malaysia. "Bravo! I’ve loved Suunto 20 years, I love you even more…" -Barbara Edelston Peterson, USA "It really has been a unique experience and a wonderful opportunity to meet the people at the heart of Suunto and to leave Helsinki feeling part of the family. Thank you all, you guys rock!" -Tim Major, UK We are grateful to have shared the experience with such an incredible group, and agree with one of our participants, Pelle Nyberg, from Sweden, that the "Suunto Summit captures the essence of the community." All images by Philipp Reiter

“Running economy is the holy grail for distance runners, not a high VO 2  max,” writes Josiah Middaugh , XTERRA World Champion and a professional coach. Read on to learn more.  Running economy is the holy grail for distance runners. It was once thought that a high VO2 max was the discriminating factor for distance running performance. However, among a homogenous group of runners, VO2 max is not correlated with performance. It turns out that running economy plays a more crucial role.   For many years the Kenyans and East Africans dominated middle distance events and it was thought their aerobic capacity due to altitude training and genetics were superior, but that is not the case. Their VO2 max values were no better than world class athletes from all over the world and athletes from other endurance disciplines. Remarkably, some East Africans were able to run exceptional times with moderate aerobic capacities. The most economical distance runner ever measured could run 1500m in 3:35 with a VO2 max of only 63 ml/kg/min (Foster and Lucia, 2008).     Increase stride rate Running mechanics can be very complex. Compared to novice runners, elite runners tend to have a shorter ground contact time, less braking forces, less vertical oscillation, less energy expended in the frontal plane, specific joint angles during phases of the run gait, and less oxygen consumed for any given pace. To think of several these things at once will probably not be helpful. Increasing stride rate can be a simple solution to a complex problem.   My former professor and world renowned running coach Dr. Jack Daniels observed that Olympic distance runners had very similar stride rates in all of the long-distance events. The stride rate he observed was over 180 steps per minute. Most novice runners tend to be closer to 160 steps per minute which causes longer ground contact time, increased braking forces, and more vertical oscillation. Visually, efficient runners experience ground contact occurring under your center of gravity (instead of out in front), less heel striking, and a smoother, less loping stride. Simply increasing stride rate without increasing pace will solve several biomechanical issues at once. As pace increases, stride length increases while stride rate remains mostly unchanged.   To master, I like to practice the quick turnover at easy to moderate speeds where it might not feel as natural. Even speeds as low as a 12 min/mi pace, it is possible to maintain a stride rate of 180 steps per minute. Think about your legs acting as wheels while your roll over the ground like road runner, rather than like pogo sticks slamming into the ground. Initially a quicker turnover might be less economical as you retrain your neuromuscular system. However, the upside will be worth it with improved running economy and less impact. Increase mileage Running economy has been found to fluctuate in distance runners from season to season depending on total running mileage and from year to year. In a group of elite runners, during the road racing season when mileage was higher, running economy was better compared to spring track season when mileage was lower (Kubo et al., 2010). Another study found a cumulative effect on running economy based on total running mileage in a career having a stronger effect than current running mileage (Midgley et al., 2007).   Single sport distance runners and coaches have long known the benefits from higher mileage, but simply increasing mileage linearly can lead to a slippery slope of injury, burnout, and overtraining. Although open for interpretation, these studies show the importance of consistency over time. For multi-sport athletes they imply that there may be some benefit to an off-season run focus, increasing run frequency if running is a limiter, and consistent long runs throughout the year. When increasing mileage, a conservative approach to avoid injury is to limit total mileage increases to ten percent per week, but with undulation and not linear progression. Strength training Strength training has the potential to improve running economy and prevent injury in a few different ways. Although running doesn't require an extremely high level of core strength, many distance runners are deficient. I like the definition of core strength as lumbo-pelvic-hip stability. With running, you are either in the air or in a single leg stance. The single leg stance requires proper timing and recruitment of this core musculature to prevent too much wasted energy. Approximately 20% of expended energy while running is spent stabilizing in the frontal plane (side to side).   Another way strength training can improve running economy is neuromuscular and structural. Replacing a portion of running volume with a small amount of heavy strength training has been shown to improve musculo-tendon stiffness, and neuromuscular efficiency. They key here is to make sure that strength training remains supplemental and replaces some of your total training volume so you aren't just increasing fatigue.   "Functional body mass uses energy but is also used to propel you forward," says Josiah Middaugh. Lose non-functional weight This is pretty simple and straightforward and doesn't apply to everyone. Unlike swimming, or cycling on flat ground, running economy is always dependent on total body weight. I like to think of running as a series of falls and with every stride you must lift, catch, and support your body weight. Carrying less mass will use less energy. The key here is to focus on mass that is not functional such as body fat. Small increases in lean body mass (muscle) do not affect relative running economy. Functional body mass uses energy but is also used to propel you forward, so carry what you need but not anything extra. Perform plyometrics Plyometric training can be a shortcut to improved running economy. Like strength training, it is important to replace a portion of training volume with plyometric training and not add it on top of your training load. Plyometrics are generally considered high intensity although most people can perform lighter versions of plyometrics called form drills. Some examples include high knees, power skipping, bounding, double and single leg hops. The mechanism has most to do with the stiffness or responsiveness of the muscle-tendon complex (Spurs, et al., 2002). A small amount can go a long way with plyometrics, so perform high intensity plyos when fresh and limit total jumps to about 200 per session. Performed 2-3 sessions per week, running economy can be improved in as little as six weeks of plyometric training (Saunders et al., 2006).     Josiah Middaugh is the reigning XTERRA Pan America Champion and 2015 XTERRA World Champion. He has a master’s degree in kinesiology and has been a certified personal trainer for 15 years (NSCA-CSCS). Images by Matt Trappe References Foster, C., & Lucia, A. (2007). Running economy: the forgotten factor in elite performance. Sports Medicine, 37, 4-5, 316-319. Kubo, K., Tabata, T., Ikebukuro, T., Igarashi, K., & Tsunoda, N. (2010). A longitudinal assessment of running economy and tendon properties in long distance runners. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, [E-pub ahead of print] Midgley, A., McNaughton, L., Jones, A. (2007). Training to enhance the physiological determinants of long-distance running performance: can valid recommendations be given to runners and coaches based on current scientific knowledge? Sports Medicine, 37(10), 857-880. Yoshida, T., Udo, M., Chida, M., Ichioka, M., Makiguchi, K., & yamaguchi, T., (1990). Specificity of physiological adaptation to endurance training in distance runners and competitive walkers. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 61, 197-201. Saunders, P., Telford, R., Pyne, D., Peltola, E., Cunningham, R., Gore, C., and Hawley, J. (2006). Short-term plyometric training improves running economy in highly trained middle and long distance runners. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20, 4, 947-954. Spurrs, R., Murphy, A., & Watsford, M. (2002). The effect of plyometric training on distance running performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 89, 1, 1-7.